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If you have a digital TV, you may find that it has a CI slot, which is built to accept a CAM. On this page, we’ll explain what a CI slot and a CAM are, and how to use them.

ESPN NOT AVAILABLE WITH A CAM:

Until 2013, it was possible to watch ESPN by installing a CAM into your TV. IN 2013, ESPN was acquired by BT Sport, meaning that ESPN is no longer available for viewing with a CAM.

To watch ESPN (together with BT Sport), consider getting YouView from BT

More details at www.bt.com/youview.

What is a CI Slot?

If you have a fairly new digital TV set, you may find that it has a slot somewhere, typically covered up with a blanking plate. If you remove the blanking plate, you’ll see that something can be slid into that slot.

This slot is known as a CI slot, or Common Interface slot, and it’s designed to accept a CAM, which will allow you to get a subscription TV service, such as ESPN.

What is a CAM?

The lovely lady to the right is modeling a CAM with a Top Up TV subscription card. The CAM is a small metal adapter, known as a Conditional Access Module that slides into the CI slot on a digital TV set. A CAM measures 10 x 5.5cm.

The CAM has its own slot, into which you can slide a credit-card-sized subscription card.

The upshot is that if you got a CAM and a subscription card, your TV would be able to watch extra content on a subscription-basis.

What can I get with a CAM and CI Slot?

A few years back, you could use a CAM in your TV to watch Setanta Sports. They were offering subscription to their Setanta 1 sports service to Freeview users for £9.99 a month – that was until they went bust in June 2009.

Now, you can use a CAM to get the ESPN UK channel on a subscription basis.

Getting ESPN with a CAM

It is no longer possible to get ESPN with a CAM. ESPN UK has been acquired by BT Sport

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How do I get a CAM?

If you have a CI slot on your telly and you want to sign up to a subscription service such as ESPN, then you need to get a CAM. When you have a CAM, you insert a viewing card into the CAM, then insert the CAM into your TV.

How to install a CAM

Assuming you have a CAM and a subscription card, here’s how you set it up:

• Insert the subscription card into the CAM – The card goes in chip-first, with the gold chip facing upwards
• Next, turn your TV off and insert the CAM into the TV’s CI slot. Do this carefully, without using too much force – the CAM may stick out. Normally the CAM logo will be facing forward, but not all TV manufacturers do it this way. If the CAM doesn’t slide in easily, you may have the CAM round the wrong way
• Switch on the TV. The CAM should be automatically detected.
• At this point, it’s a good idea to perform a channel rescan, to ensure that your TV has the correct Freeview channel lineup
• It’s then a case of waiting for your card to be activated. With ESPN, the advice is to tune in to Channel 5 on Freeview, and stay on that channel for about 60 minutes to allow the card to receive its activation code over the air.

Problems with your CAM?

Not entitled? Some users reported messages such as “You are not entitled to watch this programme” when tuning to a subscription channel on Freeview. Most likely cause was that the module/card has not inserted correctly, or the card had not received the over-the-air command to activate the subscription

No module? If you’re getting a “No module” message, chances are the module is either not inserted correctly, not suitable for your TV, or can’t be inserted correctly as the pins in the TV are damaged.

Some things to try:

• If you’re being told that you’re not subscribed or not entitled, it could be that your card has not been activated yet. Call your provider and ask them to send the activation code again. This is sent over-the-air and could take an hour or so to get through. You should leave the TV tuned to the channel you want activated (i.e. Channel 34 for ESPN)
• If you still haven’t got the activation signal, try switching off the TV, removing and re-inserting the card and CAM, switching the TV back on, and switching between channels (i.e. channel 1, channel 5, channel 34, etc.)
• Ensure that the CAM is inserted correctly (the right way up), and it’s pushed home firmly
• Check that the pins are not bent or damaged. If you look at the bottom of the CAM, you will see two rows of holes – these push into two rows of pins on the TV. If the pins are bent, the card won’t connect properly (you may been a torch and mirror to see into the CI slot.
• From your digital TV set, go to the on-screen menu, and look through the various options. There should be a screen somewhere that allows you to confirm that the module is inserted, and check that the smartcard is present. It should also confirm the date of your subscription. See the screenshot below for an example.
• If it looks like your module still isn’t being recognised, you need to work out if the problem is with the CI slot in the telly, the CAM, or the card. One easy way to tell is to take your card and CAM to a friend / relative’s house and try them in their TV’s CI slot (if they have one) – This will let you work out where the problem is.

f you’re still having no luck, it’s possible that you are not using the right type of CAM, or that your TV or set-top box doesn’t support the type of CAM or subscription card you’re trying to use.

Got a question about CI slots or CAMs? Ask in our help forum

Your Questions

Q. Why does the CAM work for Sky Sports 1 & 2 in my PVR, but not in my TV?

Our understanding is that there is currently a restriction imposed by Sky on the Top Up TV system. The restriction doesn’t seem to apply to ESPN, but does to Sky Sports 1 and Sky Sports 2. We understand that Sky does not approve of customers being able to use their subscription card in other equipment – probably to prevent people using their cards in other properties. Sky cards in Sky boxes have a similar restriction, where the subscription card is tied to a specific box. If you need to change your card so that it works in a different device, call Top Up TV and they may be able to arrange the switch for you.

Q. Is the CAM a generic thing, or does it only work with a specific card?

There are different types of CAM on the market – although physically they look the same, they use different types of decryption technology (such as VideoGuard, Nagravision and Viaccess). If you’re looking to buy one, make sure it’s compatible with your TV system and subscription card

Q. I used to get Setanta Sports. Can I now get ESPN?

After Setanta’s collapse in June 2009, Disney-owned ESPN took over some of the rights to key sporting events, such as Barclays Premier League and Clydesdale Bank Premier League football. ESPN’s UK channel started in August 2009 and is available to users with a suitable CAM and CI slot.

If you have previously watched Setanta Sports with a CAM, you should be able to get ESPN. Your existing Top Up TV or Setanta Sports viewing card can still be used (you will need to call 08444 152020 to get it re-activated though. You can try the alternative number 01592 587200 which is slightly cheaper).

Other links:

• ESPN in the UK – More detail on what Setanta offered before its demise in June 2009
• Setanta Help – Advice to former Setanta subscribers
• Topping Up Freeview – Help with getting more channels
• Freeview Help – Need some advice on Freeview?

26 comments

chris9 December 2014 at 7:41 pm

Hi

I have just bought an LG tv with pcmcia slot
I am trying to view programs from the astra 2 satellite
The tv finds over 100 stations, including sky news which is what I am after and which is freeview.
When I try to watch sky news on the tv I get the message ‘no ci module’

Can you advise what cam and card combination I will need to buy to view sky news from astra 2

Thank you

Chris

ReplyMichael18 December 2014 at 4:13 pm

Hi, I am loking for the same info for a Sony Bravia TV, but to watch Setanta Sports on Satellite via the CAM
THANKS

ReplyNaeem31 December 2014 at 2:11 pm

What does the cam and the ci do for the tv??

ReplyAHMED13 March 2015 at 5:36 pm

Hi,I’m Burundian(BURUNDI) in Central Africa have just bought TV-TECHNIKA 2nd Hand from UK and when i do press automatic research i find over 60 chanel. When I try to watch one of them on the tv I get the message <>. Where can-i buy that CAM modul and how much.

Please advice.

Thank you and kind regards

Replynantiere mathew17 September 2015 at 9:45 pm

am a ghanaian and i am using akai digital tv, where will i get the cam and which card should i used

ReplyBenson kwakye18 October 2015 at 9:11 am

am a ghanaian and i am usinng lg digital satellite tv,
when i do press automatic research i find over 60 chanel. When I try to watch one of them the only thing I see is no ci module . please where will I get the cam and which card should i
used

Replyprince asante25 October 2015 at 6:51 am

Where can i get cam to buy

ReplyAmoabeng1 February 2016 at 7:14 am

Does CAM works everywhere or specific places.
If it works everywhere, am in Ghana, where can i buy CAM and Card?
Thanks

ReplyCharles Micallef9 April 2016 at 9:36 am

I have an 7hyr old digital TV which does no have a cam. Is it possible to get a cam which will enable me to use my tv subscritpion card with this old TV?

ReplyEdward10 April 2016 at 10:57 am

Am also in ghana wre can i get some to bye? Pls!

ReplyEdward10 April 2016 at 10:59 am

Pls i want some to bye in Ghana

Replydick lawrence4 May 2016 at 7:03 pm

It is amazing how unhelpful freeview are with their robot answering machine. Noone seems to know including panasonic what the ourpise of the card cam slot is on their freeview tv. Bad customer service from both.

ReplyEmmanuel10 July 2016 at 12:53 am

Does CI CAM work in Ghana and where can get one that is compatible with LG. Thanks

ReplyOla Theo11 July 2016 at 8:00 pm

Is it possible to get CAM transmission in Nigeria, and where to get CAM to buy for my CI slot in Nigeria.

Replyramadhan abdalla16 January 2017 at 6:56 pm

hi, i am in nairobi kenya and i just bought a vitron digital tv but i cant access some channels, it keeps saying” NO CAM MODULE” please help if you can

ReplyMuli erick28 March 2017 at 11:31 am

My digital TV doesn’t have where to insert the CAM what do I do
Kisumu,its telling me no CAM MODULE

ReplyMuli erick28 March 2017 at 11:33 am

What+answers+or

ReplyClapperton21 May 2018 at 7:40 pm

Philips Ci Slot Machine

I’m+in+south+Africa+were+.Can+I+get+Cum+module+in+south+Africa

Replychris22 May 2018 at 10:50 pm

lol 2018 and still no answers

ReplyLee15 November 2019 at 5:47 pm

It doesn’t look like you’re getting one i’m afraid….

ReplyAndy22 June 2019 at 1:00 am

Where can I get a CI card from

ReplyZAWADI18 October 2019 at 8:40 pm

VITRON TV I CANNOT SEE WHERE TO INSERT CAM

ReplyZAWADI18 October 2019 at 8:42 pm

VITRON TV MOST CHANNELS REQUIRES CAM MODULE

Replykarl Murphy1 January 2020 at 1:58 am

once you buy a card do you still have to sign up to a subscription as some cards can range up to €100 ,so if a sub on top of card price it seems very expensive. plus whats the best card to go for & how so you know what channels come with each CI card

ReplyEmmanuel Worlanyo12 April 2020 at 7:06 pm

Where+can+i+get+the+CAM+++CI+to+buy

Replybobo6 July 2020 at 4:30 pm

For those looking for CAM’s and cards, try https://www.satshop.co.uk/viewing-cards/c/27?dynNav=Type::Cams;

Reply

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In Digital Video Broadcasting, the Common Interface (also called DVB-CI) is a technology which allows decryption of pay TV channels. Pay TV stations want to choose which encryption method to use. The Common Interface allows TV manufacturers to support many different pay TV stations, by allowing to plug in exchangeable conditional-access modules (CAM) for various encryption schemes.

The Common Interface is the connection between the TV tuner (TV or set-top box) and the module that decrypts the TV signal (CAM). This module, in turn, then accepts the pay-to-view subscriber card, which contains the access keys and permissions.

The host (TV or set-top box) is responsible for tuning to pay TV channels and demodulation of the RF signal, while CAM is responsible for CA descrambling. The Common Interface allows them to communicate with each other. All Common Interface equipment must comply with the EN 50221-1997 standard. This is a defined standard that enables the addition of a CAM in a DTV receiver to adapt it to different kinds of cryptography. The EN 50221 specification allows many types of modules but only the CAM has found popularity because of the pay TV market. Indeed, one of Digital Video Broadcasting's main strengths is the option of implementing the required conditional access capability on the Common Interface.

This allows broadcasters to use modules containing solutions from different suppliers, thus increasing their choice of anti-piracy options.

Mode of operation[edit]

A DVB receiver may have one or two slots implementing the Common Interface (CI). The CI uses the conditional-access module (PCMCIA) connector and conforms to the Common Scrambling Algorithm (CSA), the normative that specifies that such a receiver must be able to accept DES (Data Encryption Standard) keys in intervals of some milliseconds, and use them to decode private channels according to a specific algorithm.

Those algorithms are proprietary to individual suppliers. Each one uses their own algorithms and there is no defined standard for them.

As the full MPEG-2 transport data stream comes out of the demodulator, and error correction units, the DTV Receiver sends it through the card plugged into the Common Interface, before it is processed by the MPEG demultiplexer in the receiver. If several CI cards are present, the MPEG transport data stream will be passed sequentially through all these cards.

An embedded CAM may not physically exist, as it may be in CPU software. In such a case, only the smart card reader normally in the CAM is fitted and not the PCMCIA type CI slots.

Even if the Common Interface has been created to resolve cryptography issues, it can have other functions using other types of modules such as Web Browser, iDTV (Interactive Television), and so forth.

In Europe, DVB-CI is obligatory in all iDTV terminals.

The host sends an encrypted MPEG transport stream to the CAM and the CAM sends the decrypted transport stream back to the host. The CAM often contains a smart-card reader.

Standards[edit]

DVB-CI[edit]

The normative DVB-CI standard EN 50221 was defined in 1997 by CENELEC, the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization.

According to the Common Interface scheme:

• host : A device where module(s) can be connected; for example, an Integrated receiver/decoder (IRD), a VCR, a PC ...
• module : A small device, not working by itself, designed to run specialized tasks in association with a host; for example, a conditional access sub system, an electronic program guide application module, or to provide resources required by an application but not provided directly by the host.

The specification only defines two aspects, two logical interfaces to be included on the same physical interface. The first interface is the MPEG-2 Transport Stream. The link and physical layers are defined in this specification and the higher layers are defined in the MPEG-2 specifications. The second interface, the command interface, carries commands between the host (receiver) and the module.

The specification does not define the operation or functionality of a conditional access system application on the module. The applications that may be performed by a module communicating across the interface are not limited to conditional access or to those described in this specification. More than one module may be supported concurrently.

The common interface shares many features of the PC Card Standard (PCMCIA). By reducing the widths of the addressand data buses it has been possible to include a bi-directional parallel transport stream interface.

Transport Stream Interface (TSI)[edit]

The transport stream format is specified by IEC 13818-1 and is the MPEG 2 TS format.

Command Interface[edit]

Philips Tv Ci Slot

In addition there is a command interface for communication between the host and module.

This communication is in the form of a layered protocol stack which allows the host and module to share resources. For example, the module can request the current date and time from the host. To use this service, module shall open a session to the 'Date-Time' resource provided by host. Or, module can ask the host to display a message on the TV screen and can then read keypresses from the host remote control. This is done by opening a session to host's Man-Machine Interface (MMI) Resource. This resource also allows the CAM to request and receive PIN numbers.

Some of defined by DVB-CI resources are de facto optional. For example, the host could contain a modem for communication over a telephone line allowing the CAM to implement pay-per-view. This can be done by opening a session to host's Low-Speed Communication (LSC) resource (assuming that the host announced the availability of this resource). The Host Control resource (allowing CAM to request force-tuned) also may be absent in some of hosts.

The definitely mandatory resources are Resource Manager, Application Information and Conditional Access Support ones. First two of these three are necessary for initial handshaking between CAM and its Host, while the CA Support resource is necessary for descrambling the selected channels.

The Command Interface is extensible and there are several specification documents available which describe these extensions (e.g. ETSI TS 101 699). However these extensions have often not proved popular with manufacturers.

CI+[edit]

Definition[edit]

CI+ (also known as CI Plus or Common Interface Plus) is a specification that extends the original DVB Common Interface standard (DVB-CI, sometimes referred to as DVB-CIv1). The main addition introduced by CI+ is a form of copy protection between a CI+ conditional-access module (referenced by the spec as CICAM, while CI+ CAM seems to be a more precise abbreviation) and the television receiver (Host). CI+ is backward compatible with DVB-CIv1. Old television receivers, which have CIv1 CI-slot, can be used with CI+ CAM and vice versa, but for viewing only those of TV programs which are not marked as CI+ protected.

History[edit]

Initial versions[edit]

CI+ specification has been developed by consumer electronic firms Panasonic, Philips, Samsung and Sony, as well as pay-TV technology company SmarDTV and fablesschip maker Neotion.^[1]

A first draft of the specification was put up for review in January 2008 as V1.00 CI Plus Specification.The establishment of the Trusted Authority has been completed^[2] and an official security certification lab appointed.^[3]

In 2009, versions 1.1 and 1.2 were released. The 1.2 version became the first one which was massively deployed.The main features added to the original DVB-CI standard by the CI+ v1.2 are:

• Content Control (allows re-encryption of video and audio on their way from CI+ CAM to its host)
• coordination of CAM firmware upgrade between CAM and its host
• 'CI Plus browser' - support of MHEG-5 applications running on a CI+ host, launched by a CI+ CAM and being able to communicate with it
• support of IP communication was added to the DVB-CI's Low-Speed Communication (LSC) resource (but without renaming it to 'High-Speed').

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The spec doesn't state explicitly about each feature if it is mandatory or optional. The mandatory feature (as it's actually the main raison d'être of CI+) is Content Control. The optional feature of v1.2 version is 'PVR Resource' – this can be concluded from the fact that it doesn't appear in newer CI+ spec versions.

CI+ v1.3[edit]

In 2011, version 1.3 of the CI+ spec was released (later, was replaced with CI+ v1.3.1 and then with CI+ v1.3.2 , still commonly referenced as CI+ v1.3). The main features added by CI+ v1.3 to CI+ v1.2 are:

• various enhancements of Content Control mechanism
• coordination of parental control PIN code handling between CAM and its host
• better IP communication support (increased data throughput)
• VOD support
• a new Operator Profile resource allowing CAM to adapt non-standard broadcast-specific service information to standard DVB format understandable by Host.

CI+ v1.4[edit]

With the development of CI+, the standard has now come under the umbrella of the DVB standards organization.^[4]
In 2014, DVB released ETSI TS 103 205 V1.1.1 specification, defining what is often referred as 'CI+ v1.4'.The main features added by ETSI TS 103 205 to CI+ v1.3 are:

• multi-tuner support
• URI (usage rules information) extensions (the most prominent is addition of trick mode enable/disable flag)
• IP-delivered video support
• watermarking and transcoding capability
• the communication functionality was extended to support IP multicast and hybrid type of communication (hybrid communication means here that IP multicast data arrive to module over the transport stream interface)
• CI Plus™ browser extensions (interaction channel, streaming, video scaling etc.)
• letting a CI+ CAM to determine if its Host supports an advanced application environment (e.g. HbbTV or MHP) and, if yes, to launch a corresponding application
• allowing CI+ CAM applications to be represented in the Host's channel line-up in form of virtual channels.

CI+ v2.0[edit]

In 2018, ETSI published the second generation DVB-CI standard (often referred to as CI+ v2.0): TS 103 605 V1.1.1.^[5] The main evolution of this version is to add USB as physical layer to replace the aging PC Card interface.

Certification[edit]

CI+ Host and CAM testing and certification is carried out by Eurofins Digital Testing (formerly Digital TV Labs) in the UK, Hong Kong, Belgium and Poland.

How it works[edit]

Content protection[edit]

By making use of certificates issued by a trusted certification authority, a secure authenticated channel (SAC) is formed between a CI+ CAM and television receiver (Host). This SAC is used to generate a shared key, unique per a CAM-Host pair, which protects from unauthorized copying the content marked in the associated URI (Usage Rules Info) as a content which needs to be re-encrypted on its way from CAM to Host after removal the original CA or DRM scrambling (in the original CI standard, decrypted content could be sent over the PCMCIA interface only in unscrambled form).

Revocation[edit]

CI+ standard allows revocation of compromised CI+ Hosts. This is done by broadcasting a Service Operator Certificate Revocation List (SOCRL) in a DSM-CC data carousel. If CAM detects that its Host's ID, model or brand is listed in SOCRL (and isn't listed in optional SOCWL - Service Operator Certificate White List), the CAM must refuse descrambling the content marked in CI+ URI as protected. A SOCRL is created and signed by the CI+ Root-of-Trust on request of a Service Operator.To prevent replay of out-of-dated SOCRL and SOCWL, they must be broadcast in combination with RSD (Revocation Signaling Data) table which specifies the last versions of SOCRL and SOCWL and their location in the DSM-CC data carousel. The RSD also must be signed.

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Enhanced MMI[edit]

A CI+ compliant Host device must also implement MHEG-5 interactive TV engine to manage navigation of the user within an interactive TV application, using its device remote control.^[6] Support of MHP or HbbTV interactive TV engines is optional.

Operators (partial list)[edit]

The following operators have currently rolled out CI+ support or plan to do so:

• Albania
• Bulgaria
  • Blizoo - launched CI+ in 2014
• Belgium
  • Telenet – launched CI+ in June 2013^[7]
  • VOO - launched CI+ in September 2015
• Croatia
  • evotv - launched CI+ v1.3
• France
  • Canal+ – launched the 'Canal Ready' label for devices able to receive Canal+ channel
• Germany
  • HD+,
  • Kabel Deutschland,
  • KBW,
  • Sky Deutschland,
• Italy
  • Mediaset Premium (Digital terrestrial television) - needs CI+ slot on HD television to descramble High Definition channel Premium Calcio HD.
• Luxembourg
• Netherlands
  • Caiway – launched CI+ in October 2009^[8][9]
  • Delta NV – launched CI+ in 2010
  • Kabel Noord – launched CI+ in 2010
  • Ziggo – launched CI+ in September 2009 (2011 in former UPC areas), SMiT and Neotion CAM modules are used^[10]
• Poland
• Romania
  • UPC Romania (now Vodafone) - launched CI+ in April 2012
  • RCS & RDS (Digi TV) - Starting November 2013
  • Focus Sat - Starting March 2020, previously compatible with 3rd party CIv1 Conax modules
  • Telekom (formely Romtelecom/Dolce)
• Russia
• Spain
• Sweden
• Switzerland
  • UPC Cablecom – Starting June 2010^[11]
• Turkey
• United Kingdom
  • Top Up TV^[12]

In July 2009 the largest Cable operator in the Netherlands, Ziggo, announced that it will support CI+ based Integrated Digital Television sets (IDTVs) actively.^[13][14][15] In September 2009 the first batch of 15,000 SMiT (Shenzhen State Micro Technology Co., Ltd.) CI+ CAMs was offered by various Dutch retailers, followed in October 2009 by the first batch of Neotion CAMs.^[16]Other supporters include Canal+,^[17] and conditional access companies Irdeto^[18] and Conax.^[19]In 2009, NDS (now Cisco) announced that it will support Kabel Deutschland to deploy CI+ to its customers.^[20] In 2014, CI+ CAMs with CiscoVideoGuard CA, manufactured by SMiT were deployed at D-Smart, KDG (Kabel Deutschland), KBW, Sky Deutschland, Tele Columbus etc.

Compatible TV sets (partial list)[edit]

• LG 2010 models all LD and LE series also MFT models MXX80D.
• Many of Samsung's new LCD, LCD LED and Plasma model variants with CI+ compatible motherboards, although there were some incompatibilities between TV and UPC and RCS-RDS CI+ modules, even with models certified by UPC and RCS-RDS. Some problems were solved by upgrading the firmware of the TV, other were solved by simply replacing ( in many cases under warranty ) the motherboard. Some Samsung models require an adaptor for non-standard CI module sockets.
• Many of Sony's new models including the Bravia W5500 series. Some older models needed a firmware update.
• Philips new 5000 and 9000 series LCD TVs (required firmware pending according to Ziggo).
• Panasonic early models (until early 2011) with CI+ slots needed a new firmware to be fully CI+ compatible. (Update 2010). All incompatibility problems were solved by software and firmware updates, or sometimes by using a CI+ card or module with other firmware. All models produced after early 2011 are fully compatible with CI+.
• Some Tesco Technika models.
• Many Vestel based TV sets. Newer Vestel based TV sets are marking the fact they are CI+ certified in their SHOP MODE ( or DEMO MODE ), which is mentioning, beside other features, the CI+ compatibility ( no matter DVB-T, DVB-C, DVB-S), or simply by a sticker attached on the front of the set. Sometimes, however in many cases, CI+ compatibility of the Vestel sets is mentioned on the package, beside other main features.

Embedded Common Interface[edit]

A new ETSI working group will be working on Embedded Common Interface (ECI).

See also[edit]

• Conditional-access module (CAM)

References[edit]

1. ^'Cabot Communications Ltd. CI+ Technical Paper'. Archived from the original on 2012-03-08. Retrieved 2013-07-10.
2. ^'Führende TV-Hersteller vertrauen bei der Umsetzung des CI Plus-Standards in Europa auf TC TrustCenter (German)'(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 2009-04-24. Retrieved 2013-07-10.
3. ^10.48 Europe/London (2009-03-05). 'Digital TV Labs to test for CI Plus'. Broadbandtvnews.com. Retrieved 2013-07-10.
4. ^10.55 Europe/London (2011-02-18). 'CI Plus back with the DVB'. Broadbandtvnews.com. Retrieved 2013-07-10.
5. ^'Second generation DVB-CI standard published'. DVB. 2 November 2018.
6. ^'CI PlusSpecification 1.3.1'(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 2014-02-11. Retrieved 2014-08-28.
7. ^[1]
8. ^Caiway CI+ CAM (Dutch)Archived July 24, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
9. ^08.54 Europe/London (2009-10-16). 'Caiway introduces CI Plus modules'. Broadbandtvnews.com. Retrieved 2013-07-10.
10. ^'Digitale Televisie Module (Dutch)'. Ziggo.nl. 1970-01-01. Retrieved 2013-07-10.^{[permanent dead link]}
11. ^Cablecom makes access to digital TV in HD quality and Internet easier and cheaper
12. ^'CI+ Landing'. Top Up TV. 2012-07-31. Retrieved 2013-07-10.
13. ^Ziggo claims “world first” with CI Plus (visited July 7th 2009)
14. ^Ziggo Approved SMiT CI+ CAM^{[dead link]}
15. ^After initial pioneering, ZIGGO and NEOTION are now further unleashing CI Plus momentum in the Digital Pay TV ecosystem^{[permanent dead link]}
16. ^13.31 Europe/London (2009-08-30). 'Ziggo starts supply of CI Plus CAMs'. Broadbandtvnews.com. Retrieved 2013-07-10.
17. ^18.06 Europe/London (2009-04-27). 'Canal+ backs CI Plus with 'Canal Ready' label'. Broadbandtvnews.com. Retrieved 2013-07-10.
18. ^'Iredeto press release'. Irdeto.com. Archived from the original on 2012-06-30. Retrieved 2013-07-10.
19. ^11.28 Europe/London (2008-09-12). 'Conax announces CI+ support'. Broadbandtvnews.com. Retrieved 2013-07-10.
20. ^08.45 Europe/London (2009-09-13). 'NDS to deliver CI+ to KDG'. Broadbandtvnews.com. Retrieved 2013-07-10.

External links[edit]

• Gerard O'Driscoll, The essential Guide to Digital Set-Boxes and Interactive TV, reprinted April 2000
• Jerry whitaker, Television Receivers, 2001